Jus Cogens and the Climate Crisis: The IACtHR’s Landmark Climate Emergency Advisory Opinion and its Jus Cogens Verdict

While there are many aspects of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR)’s Advisory Opinion 32/25 (AO-32/25) that are new and groundbreaking, the inclusion of a reflection on jus cogens might have surprised some observers. This is the first time that an international court has explicitly recognised the jus cogens […]

The Right to a Healthy Environment as a Catalyst for Urgent and Ambitious Climate Action at the IACtHR

The right to a healthy environment is at the heart of the landmark Advisory Opinion 32/25 (AO-32/25) on the climate emergency from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). After a detailed description of scientific evidence about the devastating impacts of the climate crisis, the IACtHR devoted more than thirty […]

A Differentiated Path Forward: The Inter-American Court’s Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Human Mobility Rights

Within hours of the publication of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ (IACtHR) Advisory Opinion OC-32/25 on the “Climate Emergency and Human Rights” (AO-32/25), the international human rights community erupted with acclaim. Academics and human rights advocates swiftly characterized the opinion as “historic”, a “landmark decision”,  with one colleague declaring […]

A Blueprint for Rights-Based Climate Action: The Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ Advisory Opinion on the Climate Emergency

A Historic Advisory Opinion On July 3, 2025, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) issued Advisory Opinion No. 32—the most important and progressive document yet released by an international court on the climate crisis. In this landmark ruling (still only available in Spanish, with official English and Portuguese translations […]

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act: Considerations for Cities and Community Partners

Congress broke for summer recess last week, but not before sending the long awaited, hotly debated One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBB Act or the Act), or H.R. 1, to President Trump’s desk for a July 4th signing. The budget measure extends tax cuts for the wealthy, slashes Medicaid and […]

Seven County Infrastructure Coalition: The Supreme Court’s “Substantial Deference” Standard and Implications for Judicial Review under NEPA

  On May 29, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision in Seven County Infrastructure Coalition v. Eagle County (No. 23-975) in which it perhaps clarified, perhaps modified, or perhaps announced entirely new standards for judicial review of agency obligations under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Justice Kavanaugh […]

New Book Explores How Advisory Opinions Are Shaping International Climate Law

As the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) prepares to release its advisory opinion on climate change on July 3, 2025—joining earlier decisions from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Seas (ITLOS) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), and in anticipation of the International Court of […]