{"id":1578,"date":"2021-10-29T11:59:05","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T15:59:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/?p=1578"},"modified":"2021-11-15T10:12:34","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T15:12:34","slug":"remicard-sereme-glossary-for-revolution-3-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/remicard-sereme-glossary-for-revolution-3-13\/","title":{"rendered":"Remicard Sereme | Glossary on Sartre and Gramsci for Revolution 3\/13"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>By Remicard Sereme<\/h2>\n<h1><em>Les Temps Modernes<\/em><\/h1>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Les Temps Modernes<\/em> was a French political and literary review founded by Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, his longtime companion, in October 1945. Its last volume was published in December 2018. <em>Les Temps Modernes<\/em> remains one of the most prestigious French reviews with an international impact.<\/p>\n<p>Jean-Paul Sartre served as the first general director of the review and was accompanied by a writing committee composed of Raymond Aron, Simone de Beauvoir, Michel Leiris, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Albert Olivier and Jean Paulhan, all of them influential philosophers and intellectuals of their time.<\/p>\n<p>Several articles that Sartre published in this review were later collected in several volumes of the sprawling anthology of his essays entitled <em>Situations<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The review aimed to critically assess the political and social situations in both France and the world. As it was published regularly, it allowed the philosophers and intellectuals contributing to it to react almost immediately to what was happening during their time.<\/p>\n<p>During the first 20 years of its publication, <em>Les Temps Modernes<\/em> addressed almost every aspect of intellectual and political life in France and internationally: the anticolonial struggle, polemics against structuralism, quarrels around Marxism, support for the Polish and Hungarian revolts, reflections on the Left\u2019s future, on the industrial society, and on what was called at the time the \u201cThird World.\u201d Simone de Beauvoir famously referred to the review\u2019s contributors as \u201c<em>chasseurs de sens<\/em>\u201d (hunters of meaning).<\/p>\n<p>This review gave them the opportunity to be \u201cengaged\u201d on certain issues through their texts and engage their thoughts by giving them a practical orientation. <em>Les Temps Modernes<\/em> was about contributing to the world and taking actions and positions rather than merely commenting as a passerby. It was aimed at intellectuals as a group and called for a sense of responsibility in them. Sartre wrote in the first text published in the review, <em>Pr\u00e9sentation des Temps Modernes<\/em>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201c<em>L\u2019\u00e9crivain est en situation dans son \u00e9poque: chaque parole a des retentissements. Chaque silence aussi<\/em>\u201d (The writer is situated in his time: every word has repercussions, so does every silence).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The different contributions published in <em>Les Temps Modernes <\/em>marked thinkers, professors, journalists and politicians of Sartre\u2019s generation but also of the following generations.<\/p>\n<h2>Resources:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www-cairn-info.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/revue-les-temps-modernes.htm\"><em>Les Temps Modernes<\/em><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www-cairn-info.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/revue-les-temps-modernes.htm\"> (2001-2018)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2021\/03\/jean-paul-sartre-algerian-war-les-temps-modernes-journal\/\">How Jean-Paul Sartre and <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2021\/03\/jean-paul-sartre-algerian-war-les-temps-modernes-journal\/\"><em>Les Temps Modernes<\/em><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2021\/03\/jean-paul-sartre-algerian-war-les-temps-modernes-journal\/\"> Supported Algeria&#8217;s Struggle for Freedom<\/a>, by Ian Birchall, 03\/25\/2021, <em>JacobinMag.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>David Drake,<a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/stable\/pdf\/23511087.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search_gsv2%252Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=excelsior%3A550275072b4655a5bc462943b2e3546e\"> \u201cSartre and May 1968: The Intellectual in Crisis\u201d<\/a>, <em>Sartre Studies International<\/em> , 1997, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1997), pp. 43-65, published by Berghahn Books.<\/li>\n<li>Lawrence D. Kritzman,<a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/stable\/pdf\/26285857.pdf?ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3A457dad300b6b238be93fa3853e45f451\"> \u201cThose Oldies but Goodies: \u201cLes Temps Modernes\u201d Revisited\u201d<\/a>, <em>L&#8217;Esprit Cr\u00e9ateur<\/em>, Winter 1989, Vol. 29, No. 4, <em>Writing Lives: Sartre, Beauvoir &amp; (Auto)Biography<\/em> (Winter 1989), pp. 97-103, The Johns Hopkins University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Katharina St\u00e4dtler, <a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/stable\/pdf\/40979950.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search_gsv2%252Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=excelsior%3A3313e0243ee2bd624b88b9b5272f1a13\">\u201cLa d\u00e9colonisation de l\u2019Afrique vue par \u201cLes Temps Modernes\u201d<\/a> (1945-1952), <em>Rue Descartes<\/em>, No. 36, PHILOSOPHIES AFRICAINES : TRAVERS\u00c9ES DES EXP\u00c9RIENCES (Juin 2002), pp. 93-105, published by Presse Universitaire de France.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>N\u00e9gritude<\/h1>\n<p>N\u00e9gritude is a francophone political and literary movement focusing on Black liberation in the 20th century. The term \u201cN\u00e9gritude\u201d was forged during the 1930\u2019s and refers to the characteristics and cultural values of Black people, asserted as their own, as well as their belonging to the Black race. It echoes with political, aesthetic but also identity aspirations of Black intellectuals from that period.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9gritude was born as a response to the suffering endured by Black people, colonial violence, and more broadly white domination, but it\u2019s far from being a miserabilist discourse. N\u00e9gritude is about dignity, pride and the affirmation of Black people in their blackness. Senghor describes the term as the \u201cpassword\u201d for those who don\u2019t want to suffer their \u201cblackness\u201d anymore. It\u2019s an appropriation and affirmation of that blackness.<\/p>\n<p>Despite its broad reach based on the analogous experience of blackness, the movement has been severely criticized and sometimes rejected by those it wished to encompass. For example, in 1962 the Nigerian writer Wole Soyinka, who we discussed in <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/1-13\/\">Revolution 1\/13<\/a>, affirmed that \u201c<em>le tigre ne proclame pas sa tigritude, il saute sur sa proie<\/em>\u201d (the tiger does not proclaim its \u201ctigerness\u201d, it jumps on its prey). Frantz Fanon critiqued N\u00e9gritude in <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/files\/2021\/10\/The-Wretched-of-the-Earth-Excerpt-for-3.13-Glossary.pdf\"><em>Wretched of the Earth<\/em><\/a> (1961, pp. 151-154), which was also discussed by Biodun Jeyifo and Bernard E. Harcourt in <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/1-13\/\">Revolution 1\/13<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9gritude has found its most pertinent expressions through poetry and literature. Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire and L\u00e9opold Senghor are two emblematic figures of this movement but they are not the only ones.<\/p>\n<h2>Resources:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Leopold Sedar Senghor, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/stable\/pdf\/23329885.pdf?ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Ab7d0efb3c0b1c9fbec9cb87716791f56\">Negritude<\/a>\u201d, <em>Indian Literature<\/em> , JANUARY-JUNE 1974, Vol. 17, No. 1\/2 (JANUARY-JUNE 1974), pp. 269-273, published in Sahitya Akademi.<\/li>\n<li>Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire, <em>Cahier d\u2019un retour au pays natal<\/em> (1947) [Notebook of A Return to My Native Land].<\/li>\n<li>Azzedine Haddour, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/stable\/pdf\/23512974.pdf?ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=fastly-default%3Ab44bfe2a1c0111c622c6d136a3e37556\">Sartre and Fanon: On Negritude and Political Participation<\/a>\u201d , <em>Sartre Studies International<\/em> , 2005, Vol. 11, No. 1\/2, Sartre Today: A Centenary Celebration (2005), pp. 286-301, published by Berghahn Books.<\/li>\n<li>Cynthia R. Nielsen, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/stable\/pdf\/24264913.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search_gsv2%252Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=excelsior%3Adc1b1019c2ebab62c58abf3fd1023ec2\">Frantz Fanon and the N\u00e9gritude Movement: How Strategic Essentialism Subverts Manichean Binaries<\/a>\u201d, Callaloo , Spring, 2013, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Spring, 2013), pp. 342-352, published by The Johns Hopkins University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Tanella Boni, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www-cairn-info.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/revue-rue-descartes-2014-4-page-62.htm\">Femmes en N\u00e9gritude: Paulette Nardal et Suzanne C\u00e9saire<\/a>\u201d, in <a href=\"https:\/\/www-cairn-info.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/revue-rue-descartes.htm\">Rue Descartes<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www-cairn-info.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/revue-rue-descartes-2014-4.htm\">2014\/4 (n\u00b0 83)<\/a>, pages 62 \u00e0 76.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><em>The Prison Notebooks, <\/em>Antonio Gramsci<\/h1>\n<p>The <em>Prison Notebooks<\/em> are some of Antonio Gramsci\u2019s most famous and powerful writings. There are 33 of them in total. Journalist, head of the Italian Communist Party, and philosopher, Gramsci was arrested by Mussolini\u2019s fascist regime on November 8th 1926 and sentenced to prison for conspiracy.\u00a0 He was incarcerated for eleven years and wrote the <em>Prison Notebooks<\/em> during that time.<\/p>\n<p>Gramsci\u2019s <em>Prison Notebooks<\/em> first appeared in print in Italian in 1948. Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell-Smith translated and edited <em>Selection from the Prison Notebooks<\/em> in 1971 and for a long time, all the English-speaking world had access to were these <em>Selections<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>That was the case until Joseph Buttigieg, founding member and former president of the International Gramsci Society (and father of Pete Buttigieg), endeavored to expand access to Gramsci\u2019s work in English, thus raising the standard for Gramscian scholarship in Anglo-Saxon intellectual circles. In the early 1990\u2019s, he decided to embark on an ambitious and carefully rendered project of making the entire set of notebooks available in English for the first time. He began translating a complete critical English edition of Gramsci\u2019s <em>Prison Notebooks<\/em> based upon the first complete and critical edition of the notebooks in Italian entitled <em>Quaderni del Carcere<\/em> edited by Valentino Gerratana in 1975.\u00a0 The first volume of Buttigieg\u2019s English edition of Gramsci\u2019s work was published in 1992 (containing <em>Notebooks<\/em> 1 to 3), the second one in 1996 (containing <em>Notebooks<\/em> 3 to 5) and the third one in 2007 (containing <em>Notebooks<\/em> 6 to 8). Unfortunately, Joseph Buttigieg died in 2019, without having translated the full 33 <em>Notebooks<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>Resources:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalgramscisociety.org\/\">Gramsci &#8211; The International Gramsci Society<\/a> Website.<\/li>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/prison-notebooks\/9780231157551\">Prison Notebooks, Volumes 1, 2 &amp; 3<\/a>\u201d, Antonio Gramsci, Edited and translated by Joseph A. Buttigieg with Antonio Callari, January 2011, published by Columbia University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Joseph A. Woolcock, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/stable\/pdf\/27862802.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search_gsv2%252Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=excelsior%3A682ac410271cdae759d2c8e17c064eae\">Ideology and Hegemony in Gramsci\u2019s theory<\/a>\u201d, Social and Economic Studies , SEPTEMBER 1985, Vol. 34, No. 3 (SEPTEMBER 1985), pp. 199-210, published by Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the West Indies.<\/li>\n<li>Walter L. Adamson, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www-jstor-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/stable\/pdf\/3234381.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search_gsv2%252Fcontrol&amp;refreqid=excelsior%3A48eb3e96f47a5b29438a99b5d5e4f063\">Towards the Prison Notebooks: The Evolution of Gramsci\u2019s Thinking on Political Organization 1918-1926<\/a>\u201d, Polity , Autumn, 1979, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Autumn, 1979), pp. 38-64, published by The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Northeastern Political Science Association.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">References<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>Olivier CORPET, \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis-edu.com.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/encyclopedie\/temps-modernes-les\/\"><strong>TEMPS MODERNES LES<\/strong><\/a> \u00bb, <em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis<\/em> [en ligne], consult\u00e9 le 27 octobre 2021.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www-erudit-org.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/en\/journals\/hphi\/2006-v16-n2-hphi3202\/801320ar.pdf\">Engagement et responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019intellectuel, A propos de deux textes fondateurs des Temps modernes, Jer\u00f4me Melan\u00e7on, Horizons Philosophiques 2006 <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gallimard.fr\/Catalogue\/GALLIMARD\/Revue-Les-Temps-Modernes\">Revue Les Temps Modernes &#8211; GALLIMARD &#8211; Site Gallimard<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www3.nd.edu\/~druccio\/RM-Gramsci-DFR.pdf\">Unfinished Business: Gramsci&#8217;s Prison Notebooks<\/a>, RETHINKING MARXISM VOLUME 18 NUMBER 1 (JANUARY 2006)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.issep.fr\/article-dhistoire-des-idees-politiques-antonio-gramsci\/\">Article d&#8217;Histoire des id\u00e9es politiques : Antonio Gramsci<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.babelio.com\/auteur\/Antonio-Gramsci\/140517\">Antonio Gramsci<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalgramscisociety.org\/resources\/concordance_table\/index.html\">Concordance Table of Gramsci&#8217;s Writings<\/a>, The International Gramsci Society<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis-edu.com\/encyclopedie\/negritude\/\">La N\u00e9gritude <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blackwells.co.uk\/bookshop\/product\/Critical-Essays-Situations-1-by-Jean-Paul-Sartre-author\/9780857424495\">Critical Essays. Situations 1 : Jean-Paul Sartre : 9780857424495<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com.acces-distant.sciencespo.fr\/biography\/Jean-Paul-Sartre#ref205184\">Jean-Paul Sartre Biography<\/a>, Britannica<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Remicard Sereme Les Temps Modernes \u00a0Les Temps Modernes was a French political and literary review founded by Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, his longtime companion, in October 1945. Its last volume was published in December 2018. Les Temps&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/remicard-sereme-glossary-for-revolution-3-13\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue Reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2332,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38961],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-resources-3-13"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2332"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1578\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/revolution1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}