{"id":4499,"date":"2019-01-21T11:07:38","date_gmt":"2019-01-21T16:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/?p=4499"},"modified":"2019-01-21T11:19:38","modified_gmt":"2019-01-21T16:19:38","slug":"bernard-e-harcourt-how-to-do-things-with-yellow-vests","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/bernard-e-harcourt-how-to-do-things-with-yellow-vests\/","title":{"rendered":"Bernard E. Harcourt | How To Do Things With Yellow Vests"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By Bernard E. Harcourt<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/O1kBa6Djevg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>A young philosopher standing in the back of the auditorium asked perhaps the most challenging question at the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/7-13\/\">Praxis 7\/13<\/a> seminar dedicated to the yellow vest movement. He was, not surprisingly perhaps, the only person in the room who openly professed that he\u2019d worn the yellow vest at protests. His question stopped me in my tracks: if you don\u2019t wear the yellow vest, if you\u2019re just a fellow traveler, he said, then aren\u2019t you ceding the ground to the Right? Aren\u2019t you enabling the very thing you fear most\u2014namely, that the yellow vest movement will get captured by the right-wing <em>Rassemblement national<\/em>?<\/p>\n<p>I slowly started to formulate a response while others asked more questions. I would have ventured an answer to the young philosopher, but wanted to leave the last word to my guests, especially to <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/ludivine-bantigny-un-evenement\/\">Ludivine Bantigny<\/a> who had given us so much hope\u2014symbolized by that final photograph of the yellow vest with the word \u201cEspoir\u201d imprinted on it.\u00a0Later, as we walked out of the auditorium together, and he began rolling his cigarette, I learned his name, Vincent Jarry.<\/p>\n<p>Vincent Jarry\u2019s question highlighted the fact that we\u2014or perhaps I\u2014have still not fully grasped what is at stake with leaderless social movements. We cling to antiquated or static notions of identity, or ideology, or party\u2014or even static ideas of left and right. But we need, once and for all, to get beyond those outdated concepts when we confront the challenges of a leaderless movement. Jarry is right: the leaderless and open nature of new social movements today means that we either participate and thereby help give meaning to the movement, or leave the field open for others to define the movement. The very notion of an \u201cidentity\u201d of the movement\u2014especially a passive identity\u2014is obsolete in today\u2019s universe of leaderless protest. It is every one of us who is willing to march, to make a poster, to carry a banner, to write our <i>revendications <\/i>on a yellow vest, who effectively shape and give voice to the movement.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4495\" style=\"width: 477px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/gj-jan-19-back-of-vest\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4495\" class=\" wp-image-4495\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Back-of-vest-e1547921012804-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"467\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Back-of-vest-e1547921012804-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Back-of-vest-e1547921012804-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 467px) 100vw, 467px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4495\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yellow Vest protester at Act X, January 19, 2019, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris. \u00a9 Bernard E. Harcourt<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Judith Butler has written about the performative nature of assemblies, arguing that the physical gathering of bodies and the material element of assemblies precede, constitute, and make possible political expression. For Butler, the performative nature of assembly is a precondition for expression, and the materiality of assembly fashions the discursive realm. As Butler writes: \u201c<em>The assembly is already speaking before it utters any words <\/em>[\u2026]. [B]y coming together it is <em>already\u00a0<\/em>an enactment of a popular will. [\u2026] The \u201cwe\u201d voiced in language is already enacted by the gathering of bodies, their gestures and movements, their vocalizations, and their ways of acting in concert.\u201d<a name=\"_ednref1\"><\/a>[1]<\/p>\n<p>I would push this one step further, or perhaps in a more concrete direction. The question is not just the enactment of a popular will. It is a question of <em>who\u00a0<\/em>assembles and\u00a0<em>what <\/em>they represent in being there. What <em>kind\u00a0<\/em>of popular will: That is what matters, that is what is performed by participating in the social movement.<\/p>\n<p>When a person dons the yellow vest, <em>who\u00a0<\/em>they are and <em>what <\/em>they say have effects of reality. What they look like, their class appearance, their skin tone, their gender, their clothes\u2014all of their appearance shapes the movement itself. The French flags and white faces on the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es at Acte IX, the very look on people\u2019s faces in the <em>d\u00e9fil\u00e9\u00a0<\/em>at Acte X, the presence or absence of minorities, the words on the back of the vests and on the front of the banners\u2014all of which are determined by whether <em>we\u00a0<\/em>are there or not\u2014those constitute and transform, moment by moment, week by week, the trajectory of the movement.<\/p>\n<p>Presence is a form of truth-telling, or what Foucault referred to as \u201cveridiction.\u201d It has real effects. It can be contested and, in the context of the yellow vests, it functions differently than the judicial words that J.L. Austin famously discussed\u2014those illocutionary acts such as marrying or sentencing someone.<\/p>\n<p>Contestation works differently here. At a recent yellow vest protest, some antifa protesters <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/antifasquads\/videos\/la-mob-paris-antifa-vire-laction-fran%C3%A7aise-de-la-mobilisation-des-gilets-jaunesl\/193512704933462\/\">attacked and excluded<\/a> right-wing, Action fran\u00e7aise yellow vest protesters. There is internal policing and exclusion. And when some yellow vest protesters claim to speak for others, routinely they are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europe1.fr\/politique\/gilets-jaunes-les-porte-parole-se-suivent-et-ne-se-ressemblent-pas-3812957\">threatened and forced to step back<\/a>. There is also a powerful dimension of authenticity associated with the social status of the person wearing the yellow vest. A protester who really has a hard time making ends meet at the end of the month has more legitimacy and authenticity than one who is well-off.<\/p>\n<p>But within these constraints, the leaderless aspect of the movement allows for a truth-telling and \u2013making. It makes possible a concrete, constitutive performativity. Wearing the yellow vest gives, or is the only way to try to give meaning to the movement.<a name=\"_ednref1\"><\/a>[2] Being a fellow traveler is impotent in that sense.<\/p>\n<p>This contrasts sharply with more traditional political practice. Someone wearing, for instance, a France Insoumise T-shirt or carrying its flag is not able to refashion or shape the meaning and significance of that movement as easily by talking or by writing things on their vest. Jean-Luc M\u00e9lanchon is the one who will effectively define the party\u2019s identity. Members can try to push and nudge and cajole. They can at times go ahead of their party or syndicates\u2014as some workers did in France, in 1968, when they went on strike against the dictates of the CGT and other unions. But that will eventually catch up with them\u2014as it did, precisely in 1968, when the CGT ordered the termination of the strikes (essentially at the behest of the Soviet Union). In a leaderless protest, by contrast, each individual constitutes and gives direction to the movement.<\/p>\n<p>Everyone at Praxis 7\/13\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/etienne-balibar-gilets-jaunes-the-meaning-of-the-confrontation\/\">Etienne Balibar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/ludivine-bantigny\/\">Ludivine Bantigny<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/antonio-negri\/\">Toni Negri<\/a>, and members of the audience\u2014warned about, and feared a rightward drift of the yellow vest movement. That\u2019s the looming threat and risk of the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/ludivine-bantigny-un-evenement\/\"><em>\u00e9v\u00e9nement<\/em><\/a>\u2014that it might empower Le Pen\u2019s <em>Rassemblement national<\/em>. And there are serious geopolitical concerns given the rise to power of the Five Star movement in Italy and of the \u00d6VP and FP\u00d6 in Austria, Brexit, and the other right-ward drifts in Eastern Europe, Brazil, Turkey, India, the United States, and so on. But one of the only ways to avoid that is precisely, as Vincent Jarry suggested, to participate.<\/p>\n<p>Chantal Mouffe argues, in her <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/9-13\/\">latest book<\/a>\u00a0(which we will be discussing on February 13, 2019), that left populism may offer far-right militants a new language and political register to express their grievances. It may be the only way, in fact, to swing those voters left. Mouffe notes that the France Insoumise party was able to draw some supporters from Marine Le Pen, and Jeremy Corbyn attracted a share of the right-wing UKIP votes\u2014we might think here of the Trump-Sanders swing voters. Mouffe wagers that a conciliatory left populism, one that does not accuse but invites, might be able to win far-right votes. The truth, Mouffe contends, is that many on the far right are attracted to right-wing parties because they feel they are the only parties taking their concerns seriously. \u201cI believe that, if a different language is made available, many people [on the populist right] might experience their situation in a different way and join the progressive struggle.\u201d<a name=\"_ednref1\"><\/a>[3] Isn\u2019t this yet another reason, then, to participate rather than to sit on the sidelines and judge the movement as a \u201ccompagnon de route\u201d inevitably must?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4498\" style=\"width: 576px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/bernard-e-harcourt-how-to-do-things-with-yellow-vests\/gj-jan-19-cross-flag\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4498\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4498\" class=\" wp-image-4498\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Cross-Flag-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"566\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Cross-Flag-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Cross-Flag-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Cross-Flag-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yellow Vest protest, Act X, January 19, 2019, Bd St. Michel, Paris. \u00a9 Bernard E. Harcourt<\/p><\/div>\n<p>As I returned to the yellow vest protest on Saturday, January 19, 2019, for what was called \u201cActe X,\u201d I had a strange sensation that this is perhaps what is happening to the movement, at least in Paris. Whereas previously the Paris protests were less organized and clustered around the \u00c9toile at the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es, Act X resembled a more traditional protest march, a more classic <em>d\u00e9fil\u00e9\u00a0<\/em>on the Left Bank. It started at the Invalides and proceeded along the left bank of the Seine, down the Boulevard St. Michel to the Place d\u2019Italie, toward more popular neighborhoods, and it felt like it contained more union members and M\u00e9lanchon supporters. Act X was dedicated to all the yellow vests who have died in the movement, and it resembled a more traditional <em>cort\u00e8ge <\/em>procession.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4496\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/bernard-e-harcourt-how-to-do-things-with-yellow-vests\/gj-jan-19-burial\/#main\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4496\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4496\" class=\" wp-image-4496\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Burial-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Burial-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Burial-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Burial-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4496\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yellow Vest cort\u00e8ge with coffins, Act X, January 19, 2019, Bd St. Michel, Paris. \u00a9 Bernard E. Harcourt<\/p><\/div>\n<p>At Act X, there were more militants with CGT logos, or France Insoumise logos, on their yellow vests. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/societe\/article\/2019\/01\/19\/a-paris-les-gilets-jaunes-s-elancent-des-invalides-en-denoncant-les-violences-policieres_5411608_3224.html\">news reports<\/a>, this was not the case in Toulouse, where the protests were far more chaotic and violent\u2014and which has become, according to the media, the epicenter of the movement. In Toulouse, the demonstration hit a record number of 10,000 protesters (a record for Toulouse and more than in Paris, supposedly 7,000) and was marked by gas and water cannons. Similar problems occurred in Angers and elsewhere. But in Paris, the atmosphere was more subdued and orderly than before. Could it be that, in Paris at least, the traditional elements of the Left had begun to tame the yellow vest movement?<\/p>\n<p>The Ministry of the Interior reported that Act X mobilized the exact same number of protesters as the week before\u201484,000 yellow vests.<a name=\"_ednref1\"><\/a>[4] The protests were scattered across the country, in Paris and Toulouse of course, but also in Bordeaux, Nancy, Rennes, Rouen, Caen, Lyon, Dijon, and elsewhere\u2014the same day, incidentally, as the Women\u2019s March in the United States. In Paris, the number of protesters reached 7,000 according to the French state, down from 8,000 the week before, but other and more cities saw increases. The count was a particular sensitive matter for both the state and the movement. The \u201c<em>grand d\u00e9bat<\/em>\u201d was launched on the previous Tuesday, January 15, 2019, and President Emmanuel Macron had spent a combined total of 13 hours responding to 1,200 mayors on Tuesday and Friday, January 15 and 18, 2019\u2014in two, six-and-a-half hour marathons of questions-and-answers with 600 mayors in two different regions of France, Normandie and Occitanie. The big question on everyone\u2019s mind was whether the launch of the national debate and President Macron\u2019s 13 hours of face-time would dampen, assuage, or abate the yellow vest movement. To the surprise of many, it did not.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6WiFNIugKC8\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Once again, the police was there\u2014and everywhere\u2014in an overwhelming display of force. The French state, once again, mobilized and deployed 80,000 law enforcement officers, meaning that, if we take their numbers at face value, there was one police officer for every yellow vest. (Maybe they should have traded jerseys!) The sight of the police force was, once again, overwhelming.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4497\" style=\"width: 505px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/gj-jan-19-cordon-crs\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4497\" class=\" wp-image-4497\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Cordon-CRS-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"495\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Cordon-CRS-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Cordon-CRS-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-Cordon-CRS-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4497\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">CRS at Yellow Vest protest, Act X, January 19, 2019, Bd St. Michel, Paris. \u00a9 Bernard E. Harcourt<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Many questions are now swirling around the yellow vest movement and the national \u201c<em>grand d\u00e9bat<\/em>.\u201d There is growing controversy over the use of flashball weaponry, which has seriously injured protesters. There is also a big question as to whether President Macron will meet with ordinary citizens, or only elected representatives. There are a lot of stakes to that question, but what is for sure is that Macron\u2019s meetings with mayors and other elected representatives may not appease the yellow vest movement because it remains very much targeted, precisely, at elected officials.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4494\" style=\"width: 541px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/gj-jan-19-2019-elus-banner\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4494\" class=\" wp-image-4494\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-2019-Elus-banner-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"531\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-2019-Elus-banner-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-2019-Elus-banner-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/files\/2019\/01\/GJ-Jan-19-2019-Elus-banner-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 531px) 100vw, 531px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yellow Vest protest, Act X, January 19, 2019, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris. \u00a9 Bernard E. Harcourt<\/p><\/div>\n<p>There are today great uncertainties about the future and potential trajectory of the yellow vest protest movement, as well as daunting questions about the future of French politics. It is a truly exceptional moment in France and in French history, somewhat\u00a0<em>in\u00e9dit,\u00a0<\/em>marked by the spontaneous drafting of\u00a0<em>cahiers de dol\u00e9ances\u00a0<\/em>around the country, the triggering and hurried organization of a dizzying and vast national debate, and calls of all kinds for different and more radical political procedures. At\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/7-13\/\">Praxis 7\/13<\/a>\u00a0and elsewhere,\u00a0Toni Negri and others have spoken of turning the French Assembly into an &#8220;<em>assembl\u00e9e constituante<\/em>,&#8221; which would push the situation into even further uncharted territory. These are weighty matters that call for deep reflection and care. In the immediate, though, at least for me, the most punctual dilemma remains Vincent Jarry&#8217;s original question\u2014one that raises critical questions of meaning, veridiction, performativity, and praxis. The question for today\u2014to borrow Austin\u2019s turn of phrase\u2014is: How to do things with vests?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3SW6oNQsXL0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Notes<\/h1>\n<p><a name=\"_edn1\"><\/a>[1] Judith Butler, <em>Notes Toward A Performative Theory of Assembly <\/em>(2015), p. 156-157.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_edn1\"><\/a>[2] Naturally, this raises myriad questions about meaning, interpretation, and representation, especially about the giving of meaning or the very possibility of giving meaning, about linguistic structuralism and who and how meaning emerges\u2014important questions that would require lengthier treatment. There is of course much more to say, but that should not stop us in the urgency of this political moment in France. I earlier addressed many of these questions through a <em>lecture crois\u00e9e\u00a0<\/em>of Sartre, L\u00e9vi-Strauss, Bourdieu, and Butler\u00a0in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/L\/bo3648107.html\">Language of the Gun<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>(2007), some of which I took up again in an essay titled &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=970348\">An Answer to the Question: &#8216;What Is Post-Structuralism?&#8217;<\/a>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_edn1\"><\/a>[3] Chantal Mouffe, <em>For a Left Populism\u00a0<\/em>(2018), p. 22.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_edn1\"><\/a>[4] What are the statistical odds of getting the exact same count two weeks in a row? And how come it is 84,000 both times, not rounded up to 85,000? The yellow vest movement is beginning to contest these numbers, but the media is surprisingly silent and, oddly, does not offer its own independent count. This surely will evolve over the next months, I would imagine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Bernard E. Harcourt A young philosopher standing in the back of the auditorium asked perhaps the most challenging question at the Praxis 7\/13 seminar dedicated to the yellow vest movement. He was, not surprisingly perhaps, the only person in&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/bernard-e-harcourt-how-to-do-things-with-yellow-vests\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue Reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1641,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38972],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts-7-13"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1641"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4499"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/praxis1313\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}