{"id":8302,"date":"2022-05-02T12:24:17","date_gmt":"2022-05-02T17:24:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/?p=8302"},"modified":"2023-02-24T13:30:56","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T18:30:56","slug":"incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2022\/05\/02\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\/","title":{"rendered":"Incorporating Climate Change in NEPA Reviews: Recommendations for Reform"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/files\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-02-at-12.40.15-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-8338 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/files\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-02-at-12.40.15-PM-241x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"289\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/files\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-02-at-12.40.15-PM-241x300.png 241w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/files\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-02-at-12.40.15-PM-823x1024.png 823w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/files\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-02-at-12.40.15-PM-768x956.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/files\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-02-at-12.40.15-PM.png 970w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 289px) 100vw, 289px\" \/><\/a>On April 20, 2022, the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) finalized <a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2022\/04\/20\/2022-08288\/national-environmental-policy-act-implementing-regulations-revisions\">revisions<\/a> to the regulations implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The revisions undo changes made to the regulations during the Trump administration, which critics alleged could prevent federal agencies\u2019 considering climate change in NEPA reviews. In announcing the revisions, CEQ indicated that it was making limited changes now to ensure federal agencies undertake \u201cthe proper scope of analysis that NEPA requires,\u201d and that it would consider \u201cmore comprehensive\u201d regulatory changes in the future. In particular, CEQ is exploring changes to ensure \u201cefficient and effective environmental reviews that are guided by science\u201d and promote improved federal decision-making to advance \u201cclimate change mitigation and resilience goals.\u201d In a new <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.law.columbia.edu\/sabin_climate_change\/190\/\">white paper<\/a>, published online today, the Sabin Center recommends seven key reforms that would further those objectives.<\/p>\n<p>As explained in the paper, the proposed reforms are consistent with prior CEQ guidance and court decisions. In <a href=\"https:\/\/perma.cc\/4646-8N9A\">guidance<\/a> issued in 2016, CEQ identified climate change as a \u201cfundamental environmental issue\u201d and concluded that \u201cits effects fall squarely within NEPA\u2019s purview.\u201d The guidance identified two key climate change considerations requiring analysis under NEPA: (1) the \u201cpotential effects of a proposed action on climate change\u2019 (i.e., via greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions); and (2) the \u201ceffects of climate change on a proposed action and its environmental impacts.\u201d The courts have repeatedly confirmed that federal agencies are required to consider both factors in their NEPA reviews. Despite this, however, many agencies have been slow to integrate climate change considerations into their NEPA reviews.<\/p>\n<p>Previous Sabin Center surveys of federal environmental impact statements (EISs) issued under NEPA have found major gaps and shortcomings in agencies\u2019 climate change analyses. Most recently, a <a href=\"https:\/\/perma.cc\/8QC4-6CTW\">survey<\/a> of all federal EISs issued in connection with onshore energy projects from 2016 through 2020 found that less than half of the EISs considered whether and how climate change would alter the environmental outcomes of the proposed action, and less than ten percent compared climate change impacts across alternatives. (Previous Sabin Center surveys have also identified similar deficiencies in agency analyses. See <a href=\"https:\/\/perma.cc\/M45R-498G\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/perma.cc\/3DBE-GXBW\">here<\/a> for examples.)<\/p>\n<p>The survey findings suggest that changes to the NEPA implementing regulations are needed to ensure federal agencies appropriate integrate climate change considerations into their NEPA reviews. We recommend changes to:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>ensure federal agencies consider global context when assessing the significance of a proposed action\u2019s GHG emissions;<\/li>\n<li>establish a quantitative significance threshold for GHG emissions;<\/li>\n<li>provide additional guidance to federal agencies on accounting for climate change in environmental assessments;<\/li>\n<li>clarify how federal agencies can use of programmatic reviews and tiering to streamline NEPA implementation;<\/li>\n<li>require federal agencies to consider changing conditions and foreseeable trends when evaluating environmental impacts and mitigation measures;<\/li>\n<li>require federal agencies to use the \u201cbest available science\u201d in NEPA reviews; and<\/li>\n<li>ensure balanced consideration of all costs and benefits in NEPA reviews.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Read full the paper <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.law.columbia.edu\/sabin_climate_change\/190\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; On April 20, 2022, the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) finalized revisions to the regulations implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The revisions undo changes made to the regulations during the Trump administration, which critics alleged could prevent federal agencies\u2019 considering climate change in NEPA reviews. In announcing the revisions, CEQ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2327,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[69213,9411],"tags":[65708,75,9431],"class_list":{"0":"post-8302","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-environment-land-use","7":"category-environmental-impact-review","8":"tag-ceq","9":"tag-climate-change","10":"tag-nepa","11":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Incorporating Climate Change in NEPA Reviews: Recommendations for Reform - Climate Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2022\/05\/02\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Incorporating Climate Change in NEPA Reviews: Recommendations for Reform - Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; On April 20, 2022, the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) finalized revisions to the regulations implementing the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The revisions undo changes made to the regulations during the Trump administration, which critics alleged could prevent federal agencies\u2019 considering climate change in NEPA reviews. In announcing the revisions, CEQ [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2022\/05\/02\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-05-02T17:24:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-24T18:30:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/files\/2022\/05\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-02-at-12.40.15-PM-241x300.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Romany Webb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@sabincenter\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@sabincenter\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Romany Webb\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/02\\\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/02\\\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Romany Webb\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c9d54e7a8f9fde152b6547ee280d7c4e\"},\"headline\":\"Incorporating Climate Change in NEPA Reviews: Recommendations for Reform\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-05-02T17:24:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-24T18:30:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/02\\\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":489,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/02\\\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/files\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/Screen-Shot-2022-05-02-at-12.40.15-PM-241x300.png\",\"keywords\":[\"CEQ\",\"Climate Change\",\"NEPA\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Environment &amp; Land Use\",\"Environmental Impact Review\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/02\\\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\\\/climatechange\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/02\\\/incorporating-climate-change-in-nepa-reviews-recommendations-for-reform\\\/\",\"name\":\"Incorporating Climate Change in NEPA Reviews: Recommendations for Reform - 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