{"id":6591,"date":"2019-10-30T12:36:02","date_gmt":"2019-10-30T17:36:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/?p=6591"},"modified":"2019-10-30T15:35:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T20:35:38","slug":"student-viewpoint-new-yorks-climate-laws-require-columbia-to-decrease-emissions-too","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2019\/10\/30\/student-viewpoint-new-yorks-climate-laws-require-columbia-to-decrease-emissions-too\/","title":{"rendered":"Student Viewpoint: New York\u2019s Climate Laws Require Columbia to Decrease Emissions, Too"},"content":{"rendered":"
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By Arianna Menzelos<\/em><\/p>\n

Columbia University\u2013a multi-campus institution of over 44,000 employees, residents, and students\u2013has significant impact on New York\u2019s carbon footprint as well as on national leadership in sustainability. As\u00a0one of the largest private landowners\u00a0<\/a>in the City of New York, Columbia\u2019s institutional decisions directly impact local and regional emissions levels. Two recent legislative developments\u2013the City\u2019s Local Law 97 and the State\u2019s Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act\u2013have the potential to profoundly implicate Columbia\u2019s facilities and sustainability planning. Local Law 97 provides mandates that govern building emissions in New York and has explicit implications for campus infrastructure alterations. In contrast, as the specific requirements of the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act will not be clear until an implementation plan is issued in two years. Both laws will eventually require the campus to lower its carbon footprint. As a leader in climate research and education, Columbia should not only follow but also embrace the goals of these landmark pieces of environmental legislation.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

On May 18, 2019, the New York City Council passed Local Law 97 of 2019 (LL97), popularly known as the \u201cretrofit bill,\u201d as part of its larger Climate Mobilization Act. LL97 declares ambitious emissions reductions targets for most buildings over 25,000 square feet. The requirements of this law have two phases: thresholds in 2024-2029 apply to the 20% most carbon-intensive buildings in New York City, and mandates for 2030-2034 apply to almost all of the remaining building stock. (Emissions limits for 2035 and beyond are to be established at a later date.) LL97 additionally mandates specific energy conservation measures\u2013including leak repairs, temperature control installments, pipe insulations, and lighting upgrades\u2013by December 31, 2024. These prescriptive measures, however, cannot alone meet the overall targets of LL97, which will require more intensive structural modifications such as deep building retrofits. To a limited extent, these requirements can be avoided through purchases of\u00a0carbon offsets and renewable energy credits<\/a>\u00a0<\/u>or the payment of penalties. However, in order to encourage permanent building alterations, the Law\u2019s writers have\u00a0engineered<\/a>\u00a0these penalties to be comparable to the construction costs of compliance.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA), passed this June by the New York State Legislature, provides interesting complexity to Local Law 97. Named \u201cone of the world\u2019s most ambitious climate plans<\/a>,\u201d this law mandates a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions statewide by 2030 and an 85% reduction by 2050 with an aim towards net zero emissions across the state economy (in comparison to 1990 levels). A new body, the New York State Climate Action Council, is required to issue a draft \u201cscoping\u201d plan to implement the CLCPA within two years (as well as to issue a final plan within three years). In response, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) is required adopt regulations to implement the scoping plan within four years. These regulations could include a combination of performance standards, emission limits, and other requirements; however, until they are determined in the scoping plan, it is difficult to predict the exact implications of CLCPA on internal sustainability policies of entities such as Columbia University.<\/p>\n

Notably, both the CLCPA and LL97 provide for the ability to use the \u201calternative compliance mechanism\u201d to offset a portion of emissions that cannot otherwise be mitigated through purchases of green power and energy storage, among others. However, the permissible offsets of the CLCPA under this mechanism are more limited than those of LL97. Additionally, in contrast to LL97, the CLCPA does not allow penalties as a substitute for emissions reductions. Therefore, once its economy-wide regulations kick in, the State law\u2019s stricter mandates could clash with the flexibility of LL97. In short, landowners paying penalties in 2024 could find themselves out of adherence to the CLCPA in 2030.<\/p>\n

As a prominent presence in the city\u2019s landscape, Columbia will need to respond to the mandates of both laws. The University\u2019s Environmental Stewardship Office, using the brand Sustainable Columbia, released its first Sustainability Plan in 2017 and has already made significant progress in campus greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Notably, the\u00a02018 update<\/a>\u00a0to the Plan reported 47% reductions at the Morningside campus, 11.31% at the Medical Center, and 20% at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory since 2006. Additionally, Columbia reached 100% renewable electricity last year through the purchase of one-time renewable energy credits. However, the campus\u2019 heating systems\u2013including those of Manhattanville campus now under construction\u2013are powered by natural gas and oil, presenting a challenge to the achievement of a truly carbon neutral campus. Sustainable Columbia announced a commitment to achieving carbon neutrality this past April but did not specify by when it would do so. Build it Green, a club in Columbia\u2019s Sustainability Management master\u2019s program, have initiated a task force for the purposes of achieving a carbon neutral building stock on Columbia\u2019s campuses. Build it Green seeks to provide Columbia with additional research and analysis in order to motivate expedited construction processes on the university\u2019s campuses.<\/p>\n

According to Columbia\u2019s facilities department, the new Sustainability Plan to be issued in April 2021 will respond to LL97 for the University\u2019s 149 covered buildings. (Facilities must also determine which of these buildings fall within the first implementation phase of LL97 and which the second.)\u00a0When asked specifically about engaging in deep retrofit construction, University Facilities responded that \u201call possible solutions and optimal solutions will be suggested as part of the new sustainability plan and ongoing analysis thereafter.\u201d Such retrofits can be extremely costly, but they are underway in other parts of New York. For example,\u00a0RetrofitNY<\/a>, a program of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority seeking to reach net-zero energy use in affordable housing units, has issued a total of $30 million in initial contract awards as of 2018. When asked specifically about the use of the alternative compliance mechanism in lieu of proactive retrofit construction, Columbia Facilities responded that \u201call options that have scientific integrity and are allowed under the law should be under consideration,\u201d and that \u201ccarefully selected quality carbon offsets could be an important part of the portfolio of initiatives used by Columbia as a climate leader.\u201d If Columbia has trouble meeting the deadlines of LL97, it can legally apply for an adjustment in quotas or penalties. However, as a \u201cclimate leader,\u201d it should not have to.<\/p>\n

Nilda Mesa, Adjunct Professor at the School of International and Public Affairs, founded Columbia\u2019s environmental stewardship office in\u00a02006<\/a>, and current sustainability planning efforts are led by Jessica Prata, the Assistant Vice President in charge of the Environmental Stewardship Office.\u00a0Back in 2006, Mesa said, building emissions profiles were not on the University\u2019s radar. She also notes the present deferred maintenance of much of the campus building stock, which requires expensive and unglamorous attention. Furthermore, Mesa characterizes Columbia\u2019s institutional politics as \u201cfairly risk-averse\u201d and \u201cfiscally prudent.\u201d In the last thirteen years, the demands of urban sustainability\u2013as well as the definition of a sustainable college campus\u2013have radically transformed, and keeping up with the ambition of state and city legislation will remain a challenge for this conservative institution.<\/p>\n

The recent\u00a0declarations of climate emergencies<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0New York City<\/a>\u00a0and across the globe,\u00a0hundreds of carbon neutrality commitments from American colleges and universities<\/a>, and President Bollinger\u2019s announcement of a Climate Change Task Force <\/a>as well as his\u00a0climate-focused capital campaign<\/a>\u00a0all signal that Columbia must eliminate its greenhouse gas emissions. One can derive hope from New York\u2019s leadership in passing the ambitious LL97 and CLCPA. However, the follow-through of main players in New York real estate\u2013Columbia included\u2013will be required to fulfill the promise that these laws provide. Underlying the challenges of institutional climate action include the tension between outwardly ambitious commitments and internally incremental progress. However, though the task at hand is large, the ticking climate clock requires radical responses now. Columbia must remain responsive to the climate crisis in its goals as well as in its follow-through. It sure has the minds needed to do so.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Arianna Menzelos is a junior in Columbia College. She has co-led Columbia for Carbon Neutrality, a campaign urging the University to commit to carbon neutrality in its upcoming Sustainability Plan, and she worked as an intern for the Sabin Center this past summer.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Arianna Menzelos Columbia University\u2013a multi-campus institution of over 44,000 employees, residents, and students\u2013has significant impact on New York\u2019s carbon footprint as well as on national leadership in sustainability. As\u00a0one of the largest private landowners\u00a0in the City of New York, Columbia\u2019s institutional decisions directly impact local and regional emissions levels. Two recent legislative developments\u2013the City\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1962,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5680,5705,5717],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6591","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-clean-energy","7":"category-energy-efficiency","8":"category-renewable-energy","9":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"\nStudent Viewpoint: New York\u2019s Climate Laws Require Columbia to Decrease Emissions, Too - Climate Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2019\/10\/30\/student-viewpoint-new-yorks-climate-laws-require-columbia-to-decrease-emissions-too\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Student Viewpoint: New York\u2019s Climate Laws Require Columbia to Decrease Emissions, Too - Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Arianna Menzelos Columbia University\u2013a multi-campus institution of over 44,000 employees, residents, and students\u2013has significant impact on New York\u2019s carbon footprint as well as on national leadership in sustainability. 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