{"id":6287,"date":"2019-02-08T09:55:50","date_gmt":"2019-02-08T14:55:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/?p=6287"},"modified":"2019-02-08T09:55:50","modified_gmt":"2019-02-08T14:55:50","slug":"the-2018-farm-bill-is-surprisingly-climate-conscious","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2019\/02\/08\/the-2018-farm-bill-is-surprisingly-climate-conscious\/","title":{"rendered":"The 2018 Farm Bill is surprisingly climate-conscious"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

By\u00a0Peter Lehner,\u00a0Managing Attorney, Sustainable Food and Farming,\u00a0Earthjustice<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

February 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roughly every five years, Congress revises and renews the Farm Bill to fund our nation\u2019s food security, nutrition, and farm conservation programs. The 2018 Farm Bill, which passed with large bipartisan majorities in both chambers, is surprisingly climate-conscious. Its successes will serve as a foundation upon which future more aggressive climate-smart farm policy can be built.<\/p>\n

The Farm Bill\u2019s climate change benefits stem from a number of provisions that incentivize more climate-friendly practices. For example, the Farm Bill\u2019s federal crop insurance program will now allow \u2014 rather than discourage \u2014 greater use of\u00a0cover crops<\/a>, a practice that has well-proven climate and water quality benefits. This program, which is now the primary\u00a0federal subsidy to industrial farming<\/a>, has often\u00a0inhibited<\/a>\u00a0the use of climate-friendly practices such as cover crops and longer crop rotations, while at the same time encouraging planting on marginal lands, which are better suited as habitat for wildlife, buffers for streams, and carbon sinks.\u00a0The 2018 law takes steps to end these perverse incentives.<\/p>\n

The Conservation title of the bill contains a number of programs that will help curb climate change. This title continues to provide about $6 billion annually to the Conservation Reserve Program, the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, and the Conservation Stewardship Program, all of which saw modest improvements in the 2018 Farm Bill. The changes to EQIP, which generally provides a 75 percent cost-share for installation of approved conservation measures, best illustrate how these traditional programs can pay climate and environmental\u00a0dividends, with the added twist of garnering the support of fiscal conservatives.<\/p>\n

EQIP data<\/a>\u00a0from USDA indicated that only 14 percent of EQIP funding went to conservation practices identified as producing the most environmental benefits. To turn the tide, the new law allows states to identify 10 highly effective conservation practices to be eligible for a greater financial incentive. Since climate change induced farm losses harm both the farmer and the taxpayer — for example, climate-driven natural disasters in 2012 incurred $17.3 billion\u00a0<\/a>in crop insurance payments \u2013 shifting to more efficient practices is a sound fiscal move as well.<\/p>\n

The Bill also increases funding for organic farming and for a range of practices that help store carbon\u00a0<\/a>in the soil and emit fewer greenhouse gases<\/a>. It also lowers the set-aside for EQIP funds for livestock operators from 60% to 50%, which is critical since livestock operations are responsible for about 80 percent\u00a0<\/a>of agriculture’s climate change impact.<\/p>\n

CRP pays farmers to take environmentally sensitive land out of production for 10 to 15 years.\u00a0 Because producers often\u00a0<\/a>bring their CRP acres back into production when the contract expires, releasing any carbon stored in the soil during the off years, the benefits are often only temporary.\u00a0 The bill supports climate-friendly practices like riparian buffer and prairie strips and authorizes 30-year contracts on a pilot basis.\u00a0 The law also provides a minimum number of acres to be enrolled in the program that targets the most environmentally sensitive lands and pays producers to establish tree and grass buffers along streams.\u00a0 These water quality provisions both have a climate impact and create a precedent for more climate-change-focused amendments in the future.<\/p>\n

Finally, the 2018 Farm Bill increases Conservation Stewardship Program payment levels for cover crops, resource-conserving crop rotations, and management-intensive rotational grazing \u2013 all of which reduce water pollution, help slow climate change, and help producers weather climate change.\u00a0 It also establishes a soil health demonstration program, funded at $15 million, setting a good precedent for larger future action by the federal government and states.<\/p>\n

The same provisions that fight climate change, will also encourage practices that protect the drinking water of millions. Industrial-scale agriculture \u2014 the large chemical-dependent monocultures where the same crop is planted year after year and the production of grain-fed animals in enormous enclosed facilities \u2014 is one of the largest\u00a0sources<\/a>\u00a0of water pollution in the country, such as the dead zone\u00a0<\/a>in the Gulf of Mexico or the eutrophication\u00a0<\/a>of the Chesapeake Bay.\u00a0This agricultural water pollution can render water\u00a0unfit<\/a>\u00a0for further human use and impose\u00a0significant drinking water treatment costs<\/a>\u00a0on thousands or millions of communities and homeowners, such as when Toledo had to shut its water supply due to algal toxins, or the nitrate contamination in thousands of drinking water wells that could cause \u201cblue baby syndrome.\u201d\u00a0 As a result of the clear and present threat, Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-MI), a lead negotiator of the final bill, was able to build bipartisan agreement to support practices that could reduce this pollution.<\/p>\n

As a climate bonus, the 2018 Farm Bill also takes some steps\u00a0<\/a>to help reduce food waste, most of which now rots in landfills, releasing large amounts of methane.\u00a0 The bill funds pilot projects in ten states to develop local composting and food waste reduction efforts and promotes the donation of agricultural commodities.\u00a0 It also creates a Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison in the USDA to coordinate federal programs and clarifies liability protections for food donations, among other measures.<\/p>\n

This legislation comes at a critical moment, when our country must decide whether and how to deal with the dramatic warming of the planet. Two recent climate reports confirm that we must\u00a0act<\/a>\u00a0on climate change quickly, and that the\u00a0extreme weather<\/a>\u00a0climate scientists have been warning us about are here and will worsen in the years ahead.<\/p>\n

Our agricultural activities are both\u00a0contributors<\/a>\u00a0to and\u00a0victims<\/a>\u00a0of the changing climate. At the same time that industrial agriculture releases tremendous amounts of greenhouse gases from excess fertilization, tillage, manure, and animal emissions, our farms and ranches are also particularly\u00a0vulnerable to the floods, droughts, heat waves, pests, and other problems that climate change exacerbates.\u00a0For example, the 2016 California drought resulted in over $600 million\u00a0<\/a>in economic loss; Hurricane Maria in 2017 devastated 80% of Puerto Rico\u2019s agriculture and caused $780 millionin losses; heat waves threaten both crops\u00a0<\/a>and farmworkers<\/a>.\u00a0 It\u2019s to everyone\u2019s benefit to help those who produce our food be ready for the changing weather.<\/p>\n

Moreover, farmers and ranchers are uniquely situated to help slow climate change simply by preparing for it. Sustainable farmers and ranchers around the country have\u00a0repeatedly demonstrated<\/a>\u00a0that many farming practices can help both slow and withstand climate change. There are many practices that\u00a0increase carbon stored in soil<\/a>\u00a0or that use natural systems to\u00a0reduce chemical needs<\/a>\u00a0and thus lower greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, they\u00a0increase the amount of water<\/a>\u00a0the soil can absorb and enrich the fertility of the soil, thereby helping farmers endure worsening conditions.\u00a0These same practices also reduce water pollution and\u00a0save farmers money<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Given the scale and scope of the climate problem we face, more needs to be done in the next Farm Bill \u2014 indeed, much sooner \u2014 to accomplish the change needed in the agricultural sector so that it can produce sufficient nutritious food in more extreme weather without making climate change and other pollution worse. This won\u2019t be easy given that theFarm Bureau, one of strongest voices shaping US agriculture policy, repeatedly and fiercely opposes\u00a0<\/a>any efforts to curb climate change, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, as part of Donald Trump’s administration, never mentions climate change. Yet, it\u2019s necessary.<\/p>\n

The 2018 Farm Bill, by lifting up practices known to have multiple environmental benefits, is a promising place to start.<\/p>\n

[1] An analysis of opportunities to include climate change mitigation and adaption in the farm bill is provided in Lehner & Rosenberg, Legal Pathways to Carbon-Neutral Agriculture<\/a> (ELR, 2017). This article, in turn was derived from the agriculture chapter in \u201cLegal Pathways to Deep Carbonization in the United States,\u201d edited by Michael Gerrard and John Dernbach (ELI, 2018) (summary and key recommendations available here<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By\u00a0Peter Lehner,\u00a0Managing Attorney, Sustainable Food and Farming,\u00a0Earthjustice February 2019 Roughly every five years, Congress revises and renews the Farm Bill to fund our nation\u2019s food security, nutrition, and farm conservation programs. The 2018 Farm Bill, which passed with large bipartisan majorities in both chambers, is surprisingly climate-conscious. Its successes will serve as a foundation upon […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1962,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9440,642],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6287","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-climate-finance","7":"category-congress","8":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"\nThe 2018 Farm Bill is surprisingly climate-conscious - Climate Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2019\/02\/08\/the-2018-farm-bill-is-surprisingly-climate-conscious\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The 2018 Farm Bill is surprisingly climate-conscious - Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By\u00a0Peter Lehner,\u00a0Managing Attorney, Sustainable Food and Farming,\u00a0Earthjustice February 2019 Roughly every five years, Congress revises and renews the Farm Bill to fund our nation\u2019s food security, nutrition, and farm conservation programs. 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