{"id":6106,"date":"2018-11-08T15:36:57","date_gmt":"2018-11-08T20:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/?p=6106"},"modified":"2018-11-08T15:38:18","modified_gmt":"2018-11-08T20:38:18","slug":"how-congressional-oversight-can-help-address-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2018\/11\/08\/how-congressional-oversight-can-help-address-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"How Congressional Oversight Can Help Address Climate Change"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

By Philip S. Barnett and Gregory Dotson*<\/em><\/p>\n

Most people think of Congress as a legislative body.\u00a0 That\u2019s of course understandable.\u00a0 But our experience has taught us that oversight can be as important as legislation.\u00a0 Simply by holding hearings, asking questions, and releasing information, Congress can have a major impact on national policy. In fact, oversight can be particularly influential in periods of divided government. \u00a0When the new Congress convenes in January, oversight may be one of the best ways for a more progressive House of Representatives to advance its agenda \u2013 including advancing environmental and public health protections and taking action on climate change.<\/p>\n

The Roles of Congressional Oversight<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oversight can hold people accountable for misconduct.\u00a0 Even from the minority, Democratic leaders like Reps. Elijah Cummings and Frank Pallone and Senators Tom Carper, Sheldon Whitehouse, and Tom Udall were able to expose misconduct that led to the recent resignation<\/a> of Scott Pruitt from the Environmental Protection Agency.\u00a0 Now both Mr. Cummings and Mr. Pallone are likely to chair major House committees, the House Oversight and House Energy and Commerce Committees, respectively, that will give them new powers to probe evidence of self-enrichment and malfeasance.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
July 29, 2007 — FEMA Administrator R. David Paulison and others testify on Hurricane Preparedness before the Oversight and Government Reform committee.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Oversight can change executive branch policy.\u00a0 It was an investigation by the House Oversight Committee in 2007 that exposed<\/a> the dangers of formaldehyde contamination in FEMA trailers and forced the agency to provide safer housing for the victims of Hurricane Katrina. \u00a0The flawed response to Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico needs similar scrutiny<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Oversight can lead to legislation.\u00a0 The comprehensive FDA food safety reforms passed by Congress in 2010 were motivated by investigations<\/a> in the Energy and Commerce Committee into salmonella outbreaks in peanut butter and eggs that revealed grossly contaminated conditions, criminally negligent company conduct, and lax federal and state inspections.\u00a0 We might all be surprised at what President Trump might be willing to sign into law when the public is exposed to compelling facts.<\/p>\n

And oversight can galvanize public opinion and shape policy at all levels of government, as Rep. Henry Waxman\u2019s tobacco investigation<\/a> in the 1990s illustrates.<\/p>\n

Yet as powerful as congressional oversight can be, its effectiveness can be blunted if committees abuse their powers and elevate gaining partisan advantage over seeking the truth.\u00a0 This happened in the 1990s when Republican Oversight Chairman Dan Burton issued over 1,000 unilateral subpoenas<\/a> in pursuing unsubstantiated allegations<\/a> against President Clinton.\u00a0 It happened again when one of his successors, Republican Oversight Chairman Darryl Issa, issued<\/a> over 100 unilateral subpoenas in a discredited effort<\/a> to prove the Obama Administration was \u201cthe most corrupt government in history.\u201d \u00a0And it happened again this year when House Republicans issued still more subpoenas to impugn the integrity<\/a> of the Justice Department, the FBI, and the Mueller investigation.<\/p>\n

The key to effective investigation is a commitment to facts.\u00a0 \u00a0The newly elected majority in the House is already signaling a promising approach<\/a>:\u00a0 they will not pursue investigations of the Trump Administration just to score political points, but will not shy away from investigating the President or his appointees where the evidence warrants it.\u00a0 If the new Democratic chairs pursue fact-based investigations, they will be serving the public interest and fulfilling the founders\u2019 vision of Congress as a check and balance on executive branch abuse.<\/p>\n

Oversight and Climate Change in the 116th Congress<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the case of climate change, there are at least three areas where House Democrats could make a major contribution.\u00a0 First is educating the public about the dangers of climate change.\u00a0 For the last eight years, hearings on climate in Congress have given platforms to science deniers who mislead the public.\u00a0 The new Congress can stop this disinformation campaign and listen to real scientists and the many Americans whose lives have been turned upside down by floods<\/a>, droughts<\/a>, wildfires<\/a>, and hurricanes<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a0We would recommend the new Congress consider inviting scientists doing groundbreaking research to unveil their findings at public hearings, thereby using the congressional megaphone to amplify public appreciation of profound risks we are facing.<\/p>\n

Second, congressional oversight can reveal the influence of special interests at regulatory agencies like EPA and the Department of the Interior.\u00a0 It is highly unusual for agencies to seek to reverse environmental rules that are projected to save thousands of lives and produce health and economic benefits far in excess of their costs.\u00a0 Committees could examine internal agency records and interview agency officials to understand what is motivating these rollbacks.<\/p>\n

A good example could be the Administration\u2019s effort to substantially weaken EPA\u2019s tailpipe standards for greenhouse gases. \u00a0The proposed rule promises to increase pollution while hurting consumers and domestic manufacturing. \u00a0In July, the New York Times<\/em> reported<\/a> that even the Acting EPA Administrator was concerned about moving forward with the rule because the agency could suffer \u201can embarrassing court loss.\u201d \u00a0Examining such a seemingly unjustifiable decision would make for textbook oversight.<\/p>\n

Third, Congress can investigate what energy companies knew about the dangers of carbon dioxide emissions, just as two decades ago Chairman Waxman investigated the tobacco companies\u2019 knowledge of the addictiveness of nicotine.\u00a0 An ample predicate for launching an investigation into what the major oil companies, like ExxonMobil, knew has been laid by the work of investigative journalists<\/a> and state attorneys general<\/a>.\u00a0 Such an investigation could also include companies and organizations that continue to spread climate disinformation to this day.<\/p>\n

The power to investigate is one of Congress\u2019 essential powers.\u00a0 As the Supreme Court recognized in a 1975 case, Eastland v. United States Serviceman\u2019s Fund<\/em>, \u201cThe scope of [Congress\u2019] power of inquiry…is as penetrating and far-reaching as the potential power to enact and appropriate under the Constitution.\u201d\u00a0 The nation — and the world — should hope that one of the oversight priorities of the newly empowered House Democrats will be the profound threat of global climate change.<\/p>\n

*Philip S. Barnett is a co-founder of the nonprofit Co-Equal.\u00a0 Gregory Dotson is an Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Oregon School of Law. Barnett was the Staff Director of the House Oversight Committee in 2007, the last time the Democrats took control of the House of Representatives under a Republican President.\u00a0 Dotson was the Chief Environmental Counsel of the Committee.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Philip S. Barnett and Gregory Dotson* Most people think of Congress as a legislative body.\u00a0 That\u2019s of course understandable.\u00a0 But our experience has taught us that oversight can be as important as legislation.\u00a0 Simply by holding hearings, asking questions, and releasing information, Congress can have a major impact on national policy. In fact, oversight […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2196,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[642],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6106","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-congress","7":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"\nHow Congressional Oversight Can Help Address Climate Change - Climate Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2018\/11\/08\/how-congressional-oversight-can-help-address-climate-change\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Congressional Oversight Can Help Address Climate Change - Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Philip S. Barnett and Gregory Dotson* Most people think of Congress as a legislative body.\u00a0 That\u2019s of course understandable.\u00a0 But our experience has taught us that oversight can be as important as legislation.\u00a0 Simply by holding hearings, asking questions, and releasing information, Congress can have a major impact on national policy. 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