{"id":3853,"date":"2015-11-20T11:03:02","date_gmt":"2015-11-20T16:03:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/?p=3853"},"modified":"2015-11-20T11:47:09","modified_gmt":"2015-11-20T16:47:09","slug":"rep-smith-accuses-noaa-of-potentially-violating-scientific-integrity-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2015\/11\/20\/rep-smith-accuses-noaa-of-potentially-violating-scientific-integrity-policies\/","title":{"rendered":"Rep. Lamar Smith Accuses NOAA of Potentially Violating Its Own Scientific Integrity Policies, And Threatens “Compulsory Process”"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

Representative Lamar Smith (R-TX) is continuing his campaign for internal National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) documents<\/a>, including new claims from an unnamed whistleblower that NOAA scientists \u201cpotentially violat[ed] NOAA\u2019s scientific integrity policies.\u201d Rep. Smith has also now threatened to use an unspecified \u201ccompulsory process\u201d to obtain the desired documents (as explained below, this very likely means contempt of Congress proceedings). Last month, Rep. Smith subpoenaed the agency for internal communications regarding a study led by NOAA scientist Dr. Thomas Karl; published in Science<\/em> in June 2015, the study found that recent ocean surface temperature increases were greater than earlier studies had indicated.[1]<\/a> The research has been corroborated by other independent studies[2]<\/a> and contradicts the notion \u2013 espoused by Rep. Smith among others \u2013 that global warming has \u201cpaused.\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

The October 13, 2015 subpoena followed months of questioning by Rep. Smith, who has oversight powers via his position as Chair of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee. (As of this year, the House Science Committee allows its Chair to issue subpoenas unilaterally.[4]<\/a>) NOAA provided much of what Rep. Smith wanted, including pointing him to the relevant data and research methods \u2013 which had already been publicly available \u2013 as well as providing multiple in-person briefings to explain the science.[5]<\/a> Rep. Smith has also sought internal NOAA communications, claiming it is\u00a0\u201csuspicious\u201d that NOAA \u201calters data to get the politically correct results they want and then refuses to reveal how those decisions were made.\u00a0 NOAA needs to come clean about why they altered the data to get the results they needed to advance this administration\u2019s extreme climate change agenda.\u201d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

But despite Rep. Smith\u2019s requests, NOAA has refused to produce any internal communications regarding the study. In a statement, the agency explained that \u201cthe confidentiality of these communications among scientists is essential to frank discourse\u201d and it is \u201ca long-standing practice in the scientific community to protect the confidentiality of deliberative scientific discourse.\u201d[7]<\/a> The American Meteorological Society sent a letter to Rep. Smith endorsing NOAA\u2019s stance, writing that the \u201cadvancement of science depends on investigators having the freedom to carry out research objectively and without the fear of threats or intimidation whether or not their results are expedient or popular<\/em>\u201d (emphasis original).[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

In recent weeks, NOAA agreed to also make certain scientists and agency officials available for interviews to be conducted under oath and transcribed. NOAA requested that the transcripts of the interviews be made publicly available, but the request was rejected.[9]<\/a> \u00a0Rep. Smith has also continued to seek internal communications regarding the study, and in a November 4 letter to NOAA Administrator Kathryn Sullivan, Rep. Smith wrote that NOAA\u2019s \u201cfailure to comply with the Committee\u2019s subpoena has delayed the Committee\u2019s investigation and thwarted the Committee\u2019s constitutional obligation to conduct oversight of the Executive Branch. Furthermore, your failure to comply with a duly issued subpoena may expose you to civil and\/or criminal enforcement mechanisms.\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

On November 13, Rep. Smith followed up with a letter to Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker, who oversees NOAA. He requested that Secretary Pritzker direct NOAA to turn over the desired internal communications, and Rep. Smith accused NOAA of choosing to \u201cobstruct and delay the Committee\u2019s legitimate oversight activities in direct contravention of the Committee\u2019s subpoena and of the President\u2019s memorandum directing agency heads to act with the presumption of disclosure.\u201d Rep. Smith also claimed that NOAA was misrepresenting his inquiry by focusing on the importance of protecting internal scientific deliberations \u2013 \u201cNOAA employees are well aware and have acknowledged that the Committee\u2019s request for information and communications includes not just NOAA scientists but also NOAA policy and political staff.\u201d[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

On November 18, Rep. Smith sent another letter to Secretary Pritzker, claiming that \u201cinformation provided to the Committee by whistleblowers appears to show that the Karl study was rushed to publication despite the concerns and objections of a number of NOAA scientists, ignoring established and standard NOAA scientific processes and potentially violating NOAA\u2019s scientific integrity policies.\u201d Rep. Smith further claimed that, because the study was published two months before the finalized Clean Power Plan regulations were released and five months before international climate talks in Paris, \u201cthe timing of its release raises concerns that it was expedited to fit the Administration\u2019s aggressive climate agenda.\u201d [12]<\/a><\/p>\n

This latest letter warned that, if the Science Committee does not receive the requested material \u201cby Friday, November 20, 2015, I will be forced to consider the use of compulsory process.\u201d Rep. Smith also noted that he is postponing the NOAA interviews \u201cuntil additional documents and communications are received and can be fully considered\u201d because \u201cthe information brought to the Committee\u2019s attention is central to the transcribed interviews previously requested with NOAA officials.\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

Rep. Smith has not elaborated on what he means by the \u201ccompulsory process,\u201d but generally speaking, investigative power in Congress is quite broad and is \u201clargely unchecked by the courts, as a matter of constitutional design.\u201d[14]<\/a> A review of House rules suggests Smith\u2019s threatened \u201ccompulsory process\u201d would be through obtaining a citation for contempt of Congress.[15]<\/a> Typically, to do this, a full committee must make a majority vote to report non-compliance to the House chamber, and then the House itself would vote on whether to enter a contempt order.[16]<\/a> \u201cIn many cases, there will be insufficient interest in the chamber for a resolution of contempt to pass\u201d \u2013 but if a resolution of contempt were approved, the House could then refer the matter to the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia to pursue criminal contempt proceedings.[17]<\/a> Rep. Smith could also initiate a civil lawsuit and seek court-ordered production of the internal communications.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

In 2012, this set of events happened to then-U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, who was found in contempt of Congress for refusing to turn over internal Department of Justice memoranda to Rep. Darrell Issa (R-CA). The House referred the contempt matter to the DOJ, which declined to pursue the case.[19]<\/a> Civil litigation over the requested documents is still ongoing, but the presiding judge has indicated that she is sympathetic to Holder\u2019s decision to withhold documents.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

In the present case, NOAA has responded to Rep. Smith\u2019s claims that the paper was rushed with a statement that \u201c[t]he notion that this paper was rushed to publication is false\u201d and explaining the publication of the paper followed a standard but rigorous multi-stage peer review process spanning months.[21]<\/a> A representative from the Union of Concerned Scientists also wrote that, according to a conversation with NOAA\u2019s Scientific Integrity Office on November 18, \u201cto date it has received no allegation of research misconduct under [NOAA\u2019s] scientific integrity policy regarding this publication.\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

Lauren Kurtz is the Executive Director of the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund, which seeks to protect the scientific endeavor. \u00a0For more information, please visit www.climatesciencedefensefund.org<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/348\/6242\/1469<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/2015\/11\/smith-misfires-on-climate-science\/<\/a>; https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/8\/084002\/meta<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slate.com\/blogs\/bad_astronomy\/2015\/10\/30\/global_warming_lamar_smith_s_conspiracy_ideations.html<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2015\/01\/house-committee-chair-subpoena-powers-114190#sthash.QjoOtFIA.dpuf<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2015\/10\/30\/noaa-refuses-to-produce-internal-communications-to-house-science-committee\/<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2015\/10\/congressman-doubles-down-accuses-noaa-scientists-of-doctoring-results\/<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/us-science-agency-refuses-request-for-climate-records-1.18660#sthash.QjoOtFIA.dpuf<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.ametsoc.org\/ams\/index.cfm\/about-ams\/ams-formal-letters-of-support\/letter-to-house-committee-on-science-space-and-technology-on-noaa-science\/<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2015\/11\/congressman-continues-pressuring-noaa-for-scientists-e-mails\/<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/lamar_smith_noaa_subpoena_mk2.pdf<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/lamar_smith_noaa_subpoena_letter_to_comm_sec.pdf<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/lamar_smith_noaa_comm_letter_nov18.pdf<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/lamar_smith_noaa_comm_letter_nov18.pdf<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mayerbrown.com\/files\/Publication\/ec1203b2-a787-44ac-8344-5d5fab374ffa\/Presentation\/PublicationAttachment\/11509b8b-df81-4db6-9e89-1d1b16c20856\/White-Paper-Congressional-Subpoena.pdf<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/clerk.house.gov\/legislative\/house-rules.pdf<\/a>; see also<\/em> https:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL34097.pdf<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mayerbrown.com\/files\/Publication\/ec1203b2-a787-44ac-8344-5d5fab374ffa\/Presentation\/PublicationAttachment\/11509b8b-df81-4db6-9e89-1d1b16c20856\/White-Paper-Congressional-Subpoena.pdf<\/a>; see also <\/em>https:\/\/science.house.gov\/sites\/republicans.science.house.gov\/files\/documents\/hearings\/Committee%20on%20Science%2C%20Space%2C%20and%20Technology%20Rules%20114th%20Congress%20v2_0.pdf<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mayerbrown.com\/files\/Publication\/ec1203b2-a787-44ac-8344-5d5fab374ffa\/Presentation\/PublicationAttachment\/11509b8b-df81-4db6-9e89-1d1b16c20856\/White-Paper-Congressional-Subpoena.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL34097.pdf<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/06\/29\/eric-holder-contempt-charge-prosecution_n_1638420.html<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nationallawjournal.com\/legaltimes\/id=1202733522734\/After-Holders-Departure-Fight-Over-Fast-and-Furious-Docs-Continues<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2015\/11\/congressman-claims-noaa-whistleblowers-told-him-climate-study-was-rushed\/<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.ucsusa.org\/gretchen-goldman\/noaa-pushes-back-on-chairman-smiths-claims-on-climate-science-paper<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Representative Lamar Smith (R-TX) is continuing his campaign for internal National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) documents, including new claims from an unnamed whistleblower that NOAA scientists \u201cpotentially violat[ed] NOAA\u2019s scientific integrity policies.\u201d Rep. Smith has also now threatened to use an unspecified \u201ccompulsory process\u201d to obtain the desired documents (as explained below, this very […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1475,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5673,642],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3853","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-litigation","7":"category-congress","8":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"\nRep. Lamar Smith Accuses NOAA of Potentially Violating Its Own Scientific Integrity Policies, And Threatens "Compulsory Process" - Climate Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2015\/11\/20\/rep-smith-accuses-noaa-of-potentially-violating-scientific-integrity-policies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rep. Lamar Smith Accuses NOAA of Potentially Violating Its Own Scientific Integrity Policies, And Threatens "Compulsory Process" - Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Representative Lamar Smith (R-TX) is continuing his campaign for internal National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) documents, including new claims from an unnamed whistleblower that NOAA scientists \u201cpotentially violat[ed] NOAA\u2019s scientific integrity policies.\u201d Rep. Smith has also now threatened to use an unspecified \u201ccompulsory process\u201d to obtain the desired documents (as explained below, this very […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2015\/11\/20\/rep-smith-accuses-noaa-of-potentially-violating-scientific-integrity-policies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-11-20T16:03:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-11-20T16:47:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lauren Kurtz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@sabincenter\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@sabincenter\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lauren Kurtz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2015\/11\/20\/rep-smith-accuses-noaa-of-potentially-violating-scientific-integrity-policies\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2015\/11\/20\/rep-smith-accuses-noaa-of-potentially-violating-scientific-integrity-policies\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lauren Kurtz\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/#\/schema\/person\/24391fadda6350506112790b673e59c1\"},\"headline\":\"Rep. 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