{"id":3704,"date":"2015-11-02T09:06:46","date_gmt":"2015-11-02T14:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/?p=3704"},"modified":"2015-11-26T10:37:11","modified_gmt":"2015-11-26T15:37:11","slug":"irish-high-court-peat-fired-power-plants-environmental-review-must-account-for-impacts-of-peat-extraction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2015\/11\/02\/irish-high-court-peat-fired-power-plants-environmental-review-must-account-for-impacts-of-peat-extraction\/","title":{"rendered":"Irish High Court: Peat-Fired Power Plant\u2019s Environmental Review Must Account for Impacts of Peat Extraction"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

Justin Gundlach
\nClimate Law Fellow<\/em><\/p>\n

On October 9, 2015, the High Court of Ireland<\/a> issued a decision<\/a>\u2014discussed below the jump\u2014very much in line with decisions recently issued by U.S. federal district courts about how feedstocks and power plants relate for the purpose of environmental review. In the U.S., the feedstock has been mined coal; in Ireland, it was peat (pictured at right). In all cases, the basic issue has been whether the environmental impacts of both digging up and burning a feedstock must be considered before permitting the continued or expanded extraction of the fuel or operation of the plant that burns it. \"www.public-domain-image.com<\/a>These decisions seem to mark a departure from the generally separate treatment of such facilities under both the U.S.\u2019s National Environmental Policy Act and Ireland\u2019s interpretation of the European Union\u2019s Environmental Impact Assessment Directive. In U.S. courts, this has amounted to a new application of the term \u201creasonably foreseeable indirect impacts\u201d in the context of coal mining and electricity generation; in Ireland, the same can be said for \u201cfunctional interdependence\u201d as that term applies to feedstocks and power plants.<\/p>\n

The U.S. cases noted above include WildEarth Guradians v. United States Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation & Enforcement<\/a><\/em>, No. 13-CV-00518-RBJ, 2015 WL 2207834, at *15 (D. Colo. May 8, 2015) (\u201cIf OSM can predict how much coal will be produced, it can likewise attempt to predict the environmental effects of its combustion.\u201d), Din\u00e9 Citizens Against Ruining Our Env’t v. United States Office of Surface Mining Reclamation & Enforcement<\/a><\/em>, 82 F. Supp. 3d 1201 (D. Colo. 2015), appeal dismissed<\/em> (10th Cir. Aug. 18, 2015) (coal combustion-related impacts of proposed expansion of coal mining activities constituted indirect effect requiring NEPA analysis), and High Country Conservation Advocates v. United States Forest Serv.<\/a><\/em>, 52 F. Supp. 3d 1174 (D. Colo. 2014) (EIS failed to disclose GHG emissions from combustion of coal projected to be mined). Taken together, they stand for the proposition that NEPA can require the environmental impacts of coal mining, and of the power plants that burn the coal, to be considered together if they are linked closely enough.. It is important to note that these cases do not stand for the proposition that all<\/em> mining and power plant operations must be assessed jointly for the purposes of environmental review. Only that encompassing review is required where operations are sufficiently closely related.<\/p>\n

The Irish case, An Taisce v. An Bord Plean\u00e1la<\/em> [2015] IEHC 633<\/a>, arose when environmental NGOs, An Taisce<\/a> and Friends of the Irish Environment, Ltd.<\/a>, challenged the approval granted by An Bord Plean\u00e1la<\/a>, Ireland\u2019s planning board, of Edenderry Power Ltd.<\/a>\u2019s application to extend operation of its peat- and biomass-burning power plant from 2015 to 2023. Bord Na M\u00f3na Allen Peat Limited and others engaged in peat extraction and transport were also parties to the case. The plant had been granted permission to operate in 1998, its permit amended in 2005 to allow for the burning of biomass, and amended again in 2011 to allow burning of still more biomass as well as on-site biomass storage. In 2013, well in advance of the permit\u2019s 2015 sunset, Edenderry applied for a permit extension\u2014one that anticipated continuing to source peat from two nearby bogs.<\/p>\n

Though the EU had issued its Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive<\/a> in 1985, it was not incorporated into Irish law until 2010. Thus, although Irish law had not required the permitting authority to comply with the EIA Directive in 1998, it required An Bord Plean\u00e1la to do so now. As the High Court noted, Irish law provides that an EIA must consider indirect and cumulative effects as well as direct effects. [1]<\/a><\/p>\n

At issue in the case was whether the approval granted to Edenderry had complied with the EIA Directive. An Taisce argued that it had not because it had considered only the impacts of the plant\u2019s operations but not those resulting from peat extraction and transport. Edenderry and the other respondents countered that peat-related operations were unrelated to the plant\u2019s operation for the purposes of environmental review. Specifically, they argued that there was no evidence in the record to \u201csuggest that the extraction of peat from any particular source is wholly contingent upon operation of the power plant,\u201d that the plant could procure peat from other bogs, and that a refusal to extend the plant\u2019s permit would not cause extraction from the bogs at issue to cease. In sum, they argued that the EIA Directive did not require bog- and plant-related impacts to be considered together because there was no \u201cfunctional interdependence\u201d between the two operations.<\/p>\n

The High Court, noting that it was required to base its decision on the \u201cactual reality of the project\u201d at issue, rejected these arguments as theoretical\u2014the permit application, after all, contemplated sourcing from these particular bogs, such that any other approach would constitute a material change to the application. Thus, \u201c[t]here is functional interdependence as the power plant relies for the vast majority of its raw material on the designated bogs.\u201d The court also noted that it made no difference that the bogs were independently subject to an air pollution licensing regime. The planning authority, it explained, \u201cis entitled to take the licenses into account\u201d when assessing the impacts of the peat extraction operations.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u201cAny plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other projects, shall be subject to appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of the site\u2019s conversation objectives.\u201d S.I. 94\/97 \u00a7 32 art. 6.3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Justin Gundlach Climate Law Fellow On October 9, 2015, the High Court of Ireland issued a decision\u2014discussed below the jump\u2014very much in line with decisions recently issued by U.S. federal district courts about how feedstocks and power plants relate for the purpose of environmental review. In the U.S., the feedstock has been mined coal; in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1666,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3704","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-uncategorized","7":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"\nIrish High Court: Peat-Fired Power Plant\u2019s Environmental Review Must Account for Impacts of Peat Extraction - Climate Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2015\/11\/02\/irish-high-court-peat-fired-power-plants-environmental-review-must-account-for-impacts-of-peat-extraction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Irish High Court: Peat-Fired Power Plant\u2019s Environmental Review Must Account for Impacts of Peat Extraction - Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Justin Gundlach Climate Law Fellow On October 9, 2015, the High Court of Ireland issued a decision\u2014discussed below the jump\u2014very much in line with decisions recently issued by U.S. federal district courts about how feedstocks and power plants relate for the purpose of environmental review. 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