{"id":27617,"date":"2025-11-05T16:14:38","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T21:14:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/?p=27617"},"modified":"2025-11-05T16:14:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T21:14:38","slug":"climate-deception-cases-abound-they-arent-all-the-same","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2025\/11\/05\/climate-deception-cases-abound-they-arent-all-the-same\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate Deception Cases Abound: They Aren\u2019t All the Same"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Around the world, companies face claims that they have misled or deceived the public regarding the climate impacts of their products. While these cases might all be characterized as \u201cclimate deception\u201d cases, there are meaningful distinctions in the plaintiffs\u2019 allegations and claims. This post draws on recent and upcoming developments to highlight some of the distinctions, including in a <\/span>case<\/span><\/a> brought by the Board of County Commissioners of Boulder County and the City of Boulder (Boulder) in which the U.S. Supreme Court will soon decide whether to consider the fossil fuel company defendants\u2019 argument that federal law preempts Boulder\u2019s state-law claims. These distinctions could have implications for the impact of the Supreme Court\u2019 decision on the companies\u2019 certiorari petition.<\/span><\/p>\n

Just in the past two weeks, the Judicial Court of Paris <\/span>ruled<\/span><\/a> in a <\/span>case<\/span><\/a> brought by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that TotalEnergies SE and an affiliate (TotalEnergies) misled consumers with claims regarding its goals to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 and to be a leader in the energy transition. The New York Attorney General also reached a <\/span>settlement<\/span><\/a> resolving claims that U.S. subsidiaries of the Brazilian beef producer JBS (JBS USA) violated New York State consumer protection laws with a misleading \u201cNet Zero by 2040\u201d claim. On October 28, the NGO Mighty Earth <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> its own <\/span>lawsuit<\/span><\/a> (filed at the end of September) alleging that JBS USA\u2019s representations regarding its Net Zero by 2040 commitment violated the District of Columbia\u2019s consumer protection law. And a U.S. district court recently <\/span>dismissed<\/span><\/a> claims that a Zbar energy snack bar was deceptively labeled as \u201cclimate neutral certified.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

These cases are grounded in consumer protection theories and are concerned with harms caused by greenwashing and climate washing practices. The relief obtained in the Paris court\u2019s decision and the New York Attorney General\u2019s settlement are consumer-facing and mostly forward-looking. The Paris court ordered TotalEnergies to take down statements from its website regarding its carbon neutrality goal and the company\u2019s commitment to sustainable development; the court also awarded non-pecuniary damages of \u20ac8,000 to each of the three NGO plaintiffs. The New York settlement with JBS USA requires the defendants to remove or revise consumer-facing statements regarding the company\u2019s \u201cNet Zero by 2040\u201d goal and to ensure that any future statements regarding the goal are consistent with guidance from the Attorney General. In addition, JBS USA agreed to make a $1.1 million payment to Cornell University\u2019s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences\u2019 New York Soil Health and Resiliency Program for the purpose of promoting climate-smart agriculture at New York farms.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
“Flag Staff Fire from South Boulder 104pm<\/a>” by\u00a0Dave Dugdale<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Next week, Boulder will offer its rationale for why the U.S. Supreme Court should not get involved in its case against fossil fuel companies. Boulder will file a response to fossil fuel companies\u2019 <\/span>petition<\/span><\/a> for writ of certiorari seeking the U.S. Supreme Court\u2019s review of a Colorado Supreme Court <\/span>decision<\/span><\/a> that held that federal law did not preempt Boulder\u2019s common law tort claims for damages caused by the companies\u2019 alleged role in exacerbating climate change and causing harm to Boulder and its residents.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In addition to arguing that the Colorado Supreme Court\u2019s decision was wrong, the companies\u2019 certiorari petition seeks to bolster the case for Supreme Court review by aggregating all of more than 30 climate cases brought by state, Tribal, territorial, and local governments against fossil fuel industry defendants, characterizing them as presenting a monolith of claims that the Supreme Court can resolve by hearing the Boulder case. The fossil fuel companies\u2019 petition argues that Boulder\u2019s case presents an opportunity \u201cdefinitively to address whether the state-law claims asserted by dozens of States and municipalities can even proceed.\u201d The companies argue that the Colorado Supreme Court\u2019s decision \u201cdeepens a clear conflict\u201d on the question of federal preemption of state-law claims seeking relief for harms caused by climate change. As proof of this conflict, they point to a 2021 Second Circuit <\/span>decision<\/span><\/a> that found that federal law preempted New York City\u2019s state-law tort claims and a 2023 Hawai\u2018i Supreme Court <\/span>decision<\/span><\/a> which allowed state-law claims to proceed. The companies contend that the Supreme Court\u2019s review \u201cis badly needed to resolve the conflict and to prevent dozens of climate change cases from improperly barreling ahead in state court.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

But there are notable differences in the claims the various subnational governmental plaintiffs are pursuing in their climate change cases. Some of these cases are climate deception or climate washing\/greenwashing cases purely grounded in consumer protection law, and so, for the most part, is the relief they seek: civil penalties, injunctive relief targeting the defendants\u2019 disclosures and representations, and disgorgement of revenues obtained through unlawful conduct. They are more akin to the cases discussed at the outset of this blog post. The cases in this vein include <\/span>New York City\u2019s lawsuit<\/span><\/a> under its local consumer protection law (dismissed by the trial court but now on appeal), as well as the <\/span>Connecticut<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>District of Columbia<\/span><\/a>, and <\/span>Vermont<\/span><\/a> lawsuits, all of which are still pending before state and D.C. courts. <\/span>Massachusetts\u2019s pending action<\/span><\/a> against Exxon Mobil Corporation includes both consumer and investor protection claims.<\/span><\/p>\n

Other cases brought by subnational governments in the U.S. rely on theories that the fossil fuel industry defendants are liable for the harmful effects of climate change because their alleged concealment of the links between their products and climate change delayed or prevented action to transition from carbon-emitting energy sources, leading to sea level rise, extreme weather, and other climate change harms in the plaintiffs\u2019 communities. These case seek damages or other compensation for these harms. Cases that rely primarily on this theory include <\/span>City & County of Honolulu v. Sunoco LP<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u2014in which the Supreme Court declined to weigh in on preemption issues only 10 months ago. In that case, the Court denied fossil fuel companies\u2019 certiorari petitions seeking review of the 2023 Hawai\u2018i Supreme Court decision allowing Honolulu to proceed with its state-law claims against the defendants. The Hawai\u2018i Supreme Court described Honolulu\u2019s lawsuit as \u201ca traditional tort case alleging<\/span><\/p>\n

Defendants misled consumers and should have warned them about the dangers of using their products.\u201d Other cases that assert similar theories of liability include the cases brought by <\/span>Annapolis<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Anne Arundel County (Md.)<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Baltimore<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Bucks County (Pa.)<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>the State of California and California local governments<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Charleston (S.C.)<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Chicago<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Delaware<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Hoboken (N.J.)<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Maine<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Makah Indian Tribe<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Minnesota<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>New Jersey<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Puerto Rico<\/span><\/a>, and <\/span>Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

A handful of the subnational cases against fossil fuel industry defendants include not only climate deception-based claims but also claims that the defendants\u2019 upstream production is sufficient, in and of itself, to impose liability for the harmful effects of climate change. New York City\u2019s state-law tort <\/span>action<\/span><\/a> (in which the 2021 Second Circuit decision affirmed dismissal) was such a case. Boulder\u2019s case also is one of these, as are, arguably, the cases brought by <\/span>Multnomah County<\/span><\/a> and by <\/span>Puerto Rico municipalities<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Most of these cases are still running their course through state trial and appellate courts (though Puerto Rico has withdrawn its suit, and the City of Charleston, South Carolina elected not to appeal the dismissal of its case). The action the Supreme Court takes on the certiorari petition in Boulder\u2019s case is likely to have repercussions in all of the cases, but given the differences in the cases, the Court\u2019s decision is unlikely to be the final word on climate deception claims.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Around the world, companies face claims that they have misled or deceived the public regarding the climate impacts of their products. While these cases might all be characterized as \u201cclimate deception\u201d cases, there are meaningful distinctions in the plaintiffs\u2019 allegations and claims. This post draws on recent and upcoming developments to highlight some of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3543,"featured_media":27620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5673],"tags":[65696],"class_list":{"0":"post-27617","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-litigation","8":"tag-climate-litigation","9":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"\nClimate Deception Cases Abound: They Aren\u2019t All the Same - Climate Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2025\/11\/05\/climate-deception-cases-abound-they-arent-all-the-same\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Climate Deception Cases Abound: They Aren\u2019t All the Same - Climate Law Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Around the world, companies face claims that they have misled or deceived the public regarding the climate impacts of their products. 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