{"id":129,"date":"2010-05-20T15:46:29","date_gmt":"2010-05-20T20:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/?p=129"},"modified":"2012-01-31T15:35:57","modified_gmt":"2012-01-31T20:35:57","slug":"preemption-and-alteration-of-epa-and-state-authority-to-regulate-greenhouse-gases-in-the-kerry-lieberman-bill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.law.columbia.edu\/climatechange\/2010\/05\/20\/preemption-and-alteration-of-epa-and-state-authority-to-regulate-greenhouse-gases-in-the-kerry-lieberman-bill\/","title":{"rendered":"Preemption and Alteration of EPA and State Authority to Regulate Greenhouse Gases in the Kerry-Lieberman Bill"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>by Bradford McCormick and Hannah Chang<\/p>\n<p>The recently-released discussion draft of the Kerry-Lieberman bill (KL), officially titled the American Power Act, contains numerous provisions that affect the role of states in addressing climate change as well as the Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s (EPA) authority under the Clean Air Act (CAA).\u00a0 Preemption has been the subject of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/energy.nationaljournal.com\/2010\/04\/should-congress-defang-epa-and.php\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">intense debate<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eenews.net\/climatewire\/2010\/03\/31\/archive\/6?terms=preemption\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">and<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.progressivereform.org\/CPRBlog.cfm?idBlog=BA07FB11-FF73-288A-D4F2904A0FFADC23\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">speculation<\/span><\/a><\/span> since the passage of the Waxman-Markey climate bill (WM) in June 2009, and commentators have questioned whether KL\u2019s preemption measures would (and should) have the effect of \u201c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tnr.com\/blog\/the-vine\/cant-the-epa-and-congress-get-along\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">a scalpel or a sledgehammer<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u201d on existing state and EPA authority.<\/p>\n<p>CCCL has issued a working paper, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.columbia.edu\/null\/download?&amp;exclusive=filemgr.download&amp;file_id=156054\">available here<\/a><\/span>, that summarizes KL\u2019s preemption and alteration of state climate change regulatory authority and EPA authority to regulate GHG emissions under the Clean Air Act.\u00a0 The paper finds that KL\u2019s preemption of state and Clean Air Act authority is very similar to, although a bit broader than, preemption provisions under WM.\u00a0 KL preempts the same CAA authority as WM, but adds ocean acidification as a reason for which EPA may not regulate GHGs under the specified CAA provisions.\u00a0 Additionally, KL does not time limit its preemption of state cap-and-trade programs as WM does, although KL does make an effort to consult with and award early action among the states.\u00a0 As for additions and amendments to the Clean Air Act, KL gives substantial new authority to EPA under the new Title VII and Title VIII and amendments to Title VI.\u00a0 At the same time, KL, like WM, fails to grant meaningful new CAA authority in important areas such as black carbon mitigation and retirement of existing coal-fired power plants.<\/p>\n<p>In sum, KL <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">preempts or effectively disables<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>State cap-and-trade programs<\/li>\n<li>Regional programs based on state cap-and-trade-programs, such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) (although certain allowances issued under these programs could be transferred into the federal system)<\/li>\n<li>Promulgation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for GHGs<\/li>\n<li>Use of Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD), Hazardous Air Pollutants, International Air Pollutants, and Title V programs to regulate GHGs\n<ol>\n<li>EPA\u2019s PSD and Title V Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule is consequently rendered almost entirely irrelevant.\u00a0 KL\u2019s amendment to PSD means that PSD will not apply to a facility on the basis of that facility\u2019s emissions of GHGs, so the threshold set by the Tailoring Rule will not matter.\u00a0 The Tailoring Rule may still have some limited effect with respect to Title V.\u00a0 The KL language amending Title V indicates that a facility that <em>only<\/em> emits GHGs will not be required to obtain an operating permit, but a facility that emits another air pollutant covered by the CAA in addition to GHGs may be required to address those GHGs in its Title V operating permit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Establishment of New Source Performance Standards for GHG emissions from a capped source unless EPA finds the standard appropriate to address non-climate change-related effects.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>KL <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">does not preempt<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>State regulation of GHGs through means other than cap-and-trade<\/li>\n<li>Limited applications of NSPS.\u00a0 EPA may use NSPS for uncapped sources, but before 2020, it may not apply NSPS to an uncapped source that qualifies as an offset project.\u00a0 Additionally, KL provides for development of performance standards for new coal-fired power plants under the new Title VIII of the CAA.<\/li>\n<li>EPA\u2019s recently finalized <strong>Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>KL <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">creates<\/span> several new Clean Air Act programs to regulate GHGs, primarily through a federal cap-and-trade system and including a phase-down of the consumption and importation of hydrofluorocarbons.<\/p>\n<p>KL <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">calls for amendment<\/span> to the existing Mandatory GHG Reporting Rule.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Bradford McCormick and Hannah Chang The recently-released discussion draft of the Kerry-Lieberman bill (KL), officially titled the American Power Act, contains numerous provisions that affect the role of states in addressing climate change as well as the Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s (EPA) authority under the Clean Air Act (CAA).\u00a0 Preemption has been the subject of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":330,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[642],"tags":[9424],"class_list":{"0":"post-129","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-congress","7":"tag-congress","8":"czr-hentry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Preemption and Alteration of EPA and State Authority to Regulate Greenhouse Gases in the Kerry-Lieberman Bill - Climate Law Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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